2023-10-30 03:12:00
Title: Managing Exercise with Type 1 Diabetes: Expert Tips for Diabetics
Introduction
Diabetes, a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, also impacts Olympic champions like weightlifter Matthias Steiner and tennis professional Alexander Zverev. However, individuals with type 1 diabetes, including these two athletes, face unique challenges when it comes to exercising. In order to manage their condition effectively, it is crucial for them to carefully consider their approach to physical activity.
The Risks of Type 1 Diabetes and Exercise
According to Othmar Moser, a physiologist and diabetes expert from the University of Bayreuth, individuals with type 1 diabetes are at a high risk of hypoglycemia. This is primarily due to the body’s reduced production of insulin, the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes must administer insulin regularly to prevent metabolic disturbances. Exercising increases the body’s energy requirements, which can lead to faster onset of hypoglycemia. Moser advises individuals with type 1 diabetes to consult their doctor to adjust their therapy plan, with the general rule being to consume fewer carbohydrates and less insulin.
Management Strategies During Exercise
Diabetologist Gerhard Schmeisl recommends injecting less insulin during the last meal before exercising. During physical activity, the muscles become more active, making insulin more potent. Additionally, it is essential to increase the intake of carbohydrates before exercising by consuming slow-acting carbohydrates such as whole grain bread, nuts, legumes, or salad. For shorter duration exercises, Schmeisl suggests consuming around 12 grams of additional long-acting carbohydrates every half hour. Individuals can also consume fast-acting carbohydrates like bananas, pretzels, or fruit juice during exercise. Monitoring blood sugar levels is crucial for diabetics during and after exercise, which can be done effectively using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices. Monitoring blood sugar levels helps individuals avoid hypoglycemia both during exercise and even hours after, preventing the body from depleting its sugar stores.
Benefits of Exercise for Diabetics
Despite the potential dangers, exercise offers numerous benefits for individuals with diabetes. Besides aiding in natural regulation of blood sugar levels and reducing insulin dependence, regular exercise lowers the risk of comorbidities such as obesity, high blood pressure, and even type 2 diabetes. In the case of type 2 diabetes, exercise can help improve insulin resistance and, in some instances, even lead to temporary remission of the condition.
Choosing the Right Exercise
Moser recommends at least 150 minutes of exercise divided into three to four sessions per week for all diabetics. He suggests a combination of endurance and strength training for optimal results. However, the type of sport is not crucial to therapy; the key lies in finding a physical activity that individuals enjoy and can sustain in the long run. Endurance exercises such as jogging, cycling, and swimming are suitable options, as are strength training exercises using weights or bodyweight. Increasing physical activity in everyday life, such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator, also provides additional benefits.
Consulting a Doctor and Conclusion
Before embarking on an exercise routine, individuals with diabetes should consult their doctor for appropriate guidance. Engaging in a heart check using a stress ECG may be necessary for individuals with certain comorbidities. However, previous illnesses are usually not a deterrent to exercise, as tailored exercise recommendations can be provided. In conclusion, sports can significantly improve the quality of life for people with diabetes. By finding an exercise routine that brings joy and ensuring proper adjustments to their therapy plan, individuals with diabetes can successfully mitigate the risks associated with their condition and enjoy the numerous benefits of physical activity.
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