2023-07-06 19:00:00
Title: Hyperfunction of Parathyroid Glands: Symptoms and Treatment Options
Date: 07/06/2023
By: Judith Brown
If there are diseases of the parathyroid glands, this can have consequences for the metabolism. There are various signs of hyperfunction.
The parathyroid glands (Latin: Glandulae parathyroideae) are lens-sized structures approx. 5 mm long. They are located between the two layers of the thyroid capsule in the surrounding fatty tissue and are vital because they produce the so-called parathyroid hormone. This regulates the human calcium metabolism.
In adolescents, the parathyroid glands take on a reddish-brown color, and then turn yellowish-brown with age. They also get an increasingly soft consistency. As with the thyroid, there are various diseases of the parathyroid glands. This includes, among other things, an overactive gland (hyperparathyroidism).
Six symptoms of overactive parathyroid glands
The parathyroid hormone level and usually also the calcium level in the blood are increased in hyperparathyroidism (HPT). This leads to increased degradation of calcium from the bones and unwanted storage of calcium in other tissues. If an overactive parathyroid gland remains untreated, the following symptoms can develop over time:
1. Painful calcium deposits in muscles and joints.
2. Bone deformities and fractures.
3. Increased formation of kidney stones and gallstones.
4. Gastrointestinal complaints.
5. Mental changes (e.g. depression).
6. Reduced physical and mental performance.
Different forms of HTP are distinguished: primary (pHPT), secondary (sHPT), and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (tHPT).
Treatment of overactive parathyroid glands is usually only possible through surgery
Except in mild and asymptomatic cases, effective and long-term treatment of hyperparathyroidism is usually only possible through surgery. However, due to the close anatomical location to the vocal cord nerves and the frequent positional variations, these operations require a great deal of experience. Therefore, operations on the parathyroid glands should only be performed by surgeons who have a high level of expertise in thyroid surgery.
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It is important to note that this article only contains general information on the respective health topic and is therefore not intended for self-diagnosis, treatment, or medication. In no way does it replace a visit to the doctor. Unfortunately, our editorial team cannot answer individual questions about clinical pictures.]
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