2023-12-26 10:00:00
Throat cancer: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options
A tumor in the throat can remain undetected for a long time. This makes it all the more important to take initial signs such as swollen lymph nodes on the neck seriously.
Throat cancer (pharyngeal carcinoma) is a head and neck tumor that can arise in three areas of the throat: in the nasal cavity up to the palate (nasopharynx), inside the mouth up to the tonsils (oropharynx), and in the lowest part of the throat to the air and esophagus (hypopharynx). Malignant throat cancer most commonly occurs in the oropharynx area. The symptoms can be non-specific for a long time, so people who smoke and regularly consume alcohol should pay attention to possible changes in the mucous membrane.
According to the German Cancer Society (DKG), every year in Germany, men are more likely to be affected, with around 9,350 cases, compared to women with around 3,740 cases of the disease. At the time of diagnosis, men are on average 63 years old and women are 66 years old.
Throat cancer can remain undetected for a long time, with the first sign often being swollen lymph nodes – especially on one side of the neck. Tumors in the nasal cavity area can become noticeable through a persistent runny nose or often lead to nosebleeds. Difficulty swallowing and a sore throat can be an indication of oral cavity cancer (oral cavity carcinoma) in the oropharynx and hypopharynx. If the symptoms last longer than two weeks, they should be checked by a doctor.
Heavy alcohol consumption, especially drinks containing high alcohol content, and regular smoking are among the most important triggers and risk factors for throat cancer. Similar to cervical cancer, the risk of infection with the human papilloma virus also increases with throat cancer.
If symptoms persist, it is advisable to consult an ear, nose and throat doctor. If there are any abnormalities or possible suspicions, certain investigations will be initiated. An important part of the examination should initially be a detailed preliminary discussion (anamnesis), through which lifestyle, risk factors, and possible family predisposition can be queried. The doctor will then examine the oral cavity, nasal cavity, or throat using appropriate tools.
Treatment planning depends primarily on the stage and type of tumor. Specialists from various forms of treatment will work together to develop a therapy concept that takes into account the results of the histological diagnosis, the size, location, and spread of the tumor (TNM) as well as the patient’s age and state of health.
The chance of recovery and possible life expectancy in patients with mouth and throat cancer depends on various factors, such as the size of the tumor and whether it has already formed secondary metastases into surrounding tissue or organs. The earlier the tumor is discovered, the greater the chance of successful treatment and possible cure for throat cancer.
This article only contains general information on the respective health topic and is therefore not intended for self-diagnosis, treatment, or medication. It in no way replaces a visit to the doctor. Our editorial team is not allowed to answer individual questions about medical conditions.]
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