Ecologists Discover Genetic Insights through Environmental DNA
Ecologists have made an exciting advancement in their understanding of species’ genetics by utilizing environmental DNA (eDNA). This breakthrough not only sheds light on the genetics of whole populations but also aids in tracking and preventing the spread of invasive species. Furthermore, it offers valuable information for the conservation of endangered species, presenting opportunities comparable to forensic investigations.
The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showcases the success of this methodology in field sampling of invasive round goby fish across the Great Lakes and the New York Finger Lakes.
Scientists found that eDNA sampling can identify nuclear genetic variations in species, making it possible to analyze genetic diversity and variations within populations. This information is valuable for natural resource managers as it helps trace the source of invasive populations and devises strategies to prevent further invasions or minimize their impact.
The breakthrough also has implications for studying imperiled species without having to physically capture already rare and vulnerable animals. By detecting genetic diversity declines, ecologists can identify populations at risk, potentially leading to earlier intervention and conservation efforts.
Kara Andres, the first author of the study and a former graduate student in David Lodge’s lab, highlighted the significance of the findings. She noted that the breakthrough represents a major step towards realizing the full potential of genomics techniques applied to aquatic eDNA samples. Jose Andrés, a Cornell Atkinson faculty fellow and co-director of the Cornell Environmental DNA and Genomics Core Facility, also expressed optimism regarding the technique’s future applications, particularly in marine environments.
The study received funding from various organizations, including the U.S. Department of Defense, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, and Cornell Atkinson.
This exciting development offers promising prospects for improving biodiversity conservation efforts and understanding the dynamics of species populations. As scientists continue to push the boundaries of genetic research, the utilization of environmental DNA may revolutionize our understanding and approach to ecological conservation.