Cases of the West Nile virus (WNV) reported in the South of Spain and Romania. The main vector of the disease, the mosquito, has caused the death of two people in recent days in Andalusia.
These deaths add to three others due to WNV since the beginning of the year. One in Coria del Rio and two others in neighboring towns. Since the beginning of the year, the number of people infected with WNV has already surpassed thirty in Andalusia.
Mosquitoes have been detected in localities near the Guadalquivir River, such as the town of Coria del Río, whose residents have called on authorities for protective measures. “Everything has been done but nothing is 100% effective“, according to its latest updates.
In some pharmacies, places where the insects are likely to breed, such as stagnant water, are being reported.
The disease has spread to Seville, Huelva, Cadiz, Cordoba, and the Extremadura region, where three cases have been confirmed.
Romania and other affected countries as well
In addition to Spain, Romania has also observed a spread of the West Nile virus.
One person has died and 22 others have been infected by mosquitoes since the beginning of the summer.
In Israel, according to a report established mid-July, about thirty people have died from mosquito bites, and more than 400 have been infected.
In France, 5 cases have been reported to the Regional Health Agency of the PACA region. Investigations are ongoing to determine the origin of the mosquitoes. The region has frequently experienced such cases for several years.
WHO offers reassurance but calls for caution
According to the World Health Organization, 80% of infected individuals show no symptoms and the risk of developing a more severe form of the disease is rather rare. In some cases, it manifests as a flu-like syndrome, including fever and headaches.
The WHO also specifies that people over 50 years old and immunocompromised patients are at the highest risk.
Severe forms of the disease occur in less than 1 in 100 infected persons. They manifest as neurological impairment.
A known mode of transmission, but no vaccine for humans
Only one type of mosquito, Culex, can contaminate its hosts. It is primarily a virus transmitted by birds, which can, if the mosquito gets infected by coming into contact with them, affect humans and horses, who are then considered “accidental reservoirs.” WNV is not transmitted from human to human, except in very rare cases, such as through contact with a blood sample containing the virus during biological testing.
Currently, there is no vaccine commercially available for humans, nor any antiviral treatment against WNV infection.
Protection recommendations are numerous. They range from applying an insect repellent to the skin or clothing, to wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, and if possible, avoiding outings at dusk and dawn, times of the day when mosquitoes are particularly hungry and aggressive.
The epidemiology of the West Nile virus is continuously evolving. Its dynamics are largely influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental conditions which play a major role.
ADVERTISEMENTIts spread and the intensity of this virus are therefore particularly difficult to predict, making any forecast uncertain.
Western Nile Virus Trends: Challenges and Future Outlook
The recent cases of the Western Nile Virus (WNV) reported in southern Spain and Romania highlight a worrying increase in infections attributed to mosquito vectors. With two fatalities in Andalusia and over 30 infections since the beginning of the year, the situation is becoming alarming. The mosquitoes, particularly in areas around the Guadalquivir River, have prompted residents to call for stricter protective measures. Unfortunately, existing efforts to eradicate these pests have not proven entirely effective.
Geographical Spread and Impact
The spread of the virus is not confined to Spain; similar outbreaks have been reported in Romania, Israel, and France. In Israel, for example, the summer has seen around 30 deaths and over 400 infections. As urbanization and climate change create suitable environments for mosquito breeding, we can anticipate that such patterns may become more frequent across Europe and potentially other regions as well.
Public Health Response and Risk Factors
While the World Health Organization (WHO) asserts that 80% of infected individuals show no symptoms, the notable risk among elderly populations and those with compromised immune systems emphasizes the need for vigilant public health responses. The fact that severe effects occur in less than 1% of cases does not negate the urgency of addressing accumulated infections and fatalities. Enhanced surveillance and rapid responses to outbreaks will be critical as the season progresses.
Lack of Vaccines and Preventive Measures
Currently, there is no vaccine available for humans against WNV, nor is there an effective antiviral treatment. This presents a significant challenge for public health authorities, particularly in high-risk areas. Preventive recommendations, such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours, will remain vital in controlling infections.
Unpredictable Epidemic Dynamics
The epidemiology of WNV is rapidly evolving, influenced by environmental conditions, mosquito populations, and potentially changing climate patterns. Predicting the spread and intensity of outbreaks is increasingly challenging, underscoring the need for ongoing research and adaptability in public health strategies. Continuous monitoring and innovative control measures will be essential to mitigate future risks associated with the WNV.