2024-04-29 04:03:01
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease in which the left ventricle wall thickens, and is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in young people.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the prevalence of which has recently been rapidly increasing in Korea, is a condition in which the left ventricle wall thickens without conditions such as high blood pressure that cause load on the ventricle, and occurs in various forms in various parts of the left ventricle.
If the interventricular septum thickens, stenosis may occur in the ‘left ventricular outflow tract’ that sends blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, causing fainting and chest pain. When the heart muscle becomes thicker and less flexible, shortness of breath may occur and arrhythmias may occur frequently.
Professor Moon In-ki of the Department of Cardiology at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital said, “If hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not properly treated, sudden cardiac death or heart failure may worsen. According to data from the National Health Insurance Corporation, the domestic prevalence rate was 0.016% in 2010, but increased significantly to 0.03% in 2016. “It is expected that there are more patients who have not yet been discovered, and early diagnosis is necessary for appropriate management,” he emphasized.
According to overseas studies, genetic mutations related to cardiac rhabdomyo are known to be observed in 40-60% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other genetic causes, such as genetic metabolic and neuromuscular diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, and genetic syndromes, are known. Professor Moon explained, “Genetic causes are the most common, but in many cases, apex hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is commonly found in Asian countries, has no genetic abnormalities.”
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is diagnosed by confirming the thickened myocardium through echocardiography, and electrocardiogram, cardiac MRI, and CT can help in diagnosis. Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is approached differently depending on the type of cardiomyopathy.
If there is left ventricular outflow tract stenosis, myocardial resection or a procedure to necrosize the thickened myocardium can be performed. In addition, if arrhythmia or heart failure related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs, drug treatment can be administered to relieve symptoms, or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator procedure can be performed to prevent sudden cardiac death.
Professor Moon said, “Recently, drugs that improve symptoms by reducing myocardial cell contractility are being used in a small number of patients for whom surgery and surgical treatment are difficult. “Because some patients may experience side effects, we carefully select patients through echocardiography and administer drug treatment only to appropriate patients,” he said.
To prevent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, healthy eating habits and appropriate exercise are helpful. Several studies have shown that exercise is helpful in the prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction should limit exercise. Basically, since it is often accompanied by heart failure and arrhythmia, it is best not to eat salty foods and to quit smoking and drinking.
Professor Moon said, “Because it is a genetic disease, it is easy for patients to be afraid. However, even if diagnosed, it is not necessarily inherited, and even if there is a genetic abnormality, there is a possibility that myocardial thickening will not occur. In addition, there are reports that with appropriate treatment, the survival rate is similar to that of the general population without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, so early diagnosis and continuous management are more important than anything else,” he said.
Song Chi-hoon, Donga.com reporter [email protected]
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2024-04-29 04:03:01