19-Year-Old Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in Landmark Case, Challenging understanding of Disease Onset
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A 19-year-old in China has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, the youngest person ever to receive such a diagnosis. The February 2023 study details the case, notable for the absence of genetic mutations linked to early-onset Alzheimer’s.
The Unprecedented Diagnosis
The patient experienced cognitive decline starting at age 17. Brain scans showed shrinkage in the hippocampus,and cerebrospinal fluid revealed biomarkers consistent with Alzheimer’s. The previous youngest diagnosis was age 21 with a known genetic mutation.
Early-Onset Alzheimer’s: A Rare Phenomenon
Early-onset cases-before age 65-account for up to 10% of diagnoses. Most cases under 30 are linked to inherited mutations, known as familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Younger age increases the likelihood of a genetic component.
A Genetic Mystery
Researchers at Capital Medical University found no known genetic mutations or suspect genes. The study states this is the youngest case meeting diagnostic criteria without recognized genetic mutations. No family history of Alzheimer’s further complicates classification as FAD.
Symptoms and Cognitive Decline
The patient struggled with school focus two years before diagnosis. Short-term memory declined, causing him to forget events and misplace items. He couldn’t finish high school despite autonomous living.Memory scores were 82% and 87% lower than peers.
Implications for Alzheimer’s Research
The case prompts a reassessment of Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. Researchers emphasize the need to explore underlying mechanisms, as this very early-onset case lacked identifiable genetic mutations. the study highlights Alzheimer’s complexity and unpredictable pathways.
Published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, the case underscores the need for research prioritizing early-onset cases. Experts suggest exploring young patients’ Alzheimer’s may be a key future scientific challenge. Long-term follow-up is crucial.
