2023-12-11 15:32:24
Although experts believe that it is possible to have a world free of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the reality is very different. This is confirmed by the latest report on the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) carried out by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington (USA) and published in the ‘Journal of the American College of Cardiology‘ (JACC) which reflects that millions of lives are lost prematurely each year due to heart disease.
The document shows that the global number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases increased by 12.4 million in 1990 to 19.8 million in 2022reflecting the growth and aging of the global population and the contributions of preventable metabolic, environmental and behavioral risks.
The report is an update of health estimates for the global, regional and national burden and trends of cardiovascular diseases between 1990 and 2022 by analyzing the impact of cardiovascular conditions and risk factors in 21 regions of the world.
The research in this study reflects the urgent need for countries to establish public health strategies aimed at preventing cardiovascular diseases, underscoring the global action needed to disseminate information and implement health programs, especially in hard-to-reach countries.
While cardiovascular disease rates are high globally, the regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East are estimated to have the highest burden of cardiovascular disease mortality. The high blood pressure, high cholesterol, dietary risks and air pollution They continue to be its main causes.
«Cardiovascular diseases are a persistent challenge that leads to a huge number of premature and avoidable deaths.», says Gregory A. Roth, lead author of the article. «There are many economical and effective treatments. We know what risk factors we should identify and treat. There are simple healthy choices people can make to improve their health. This atlas provides detailed information on the status of countries in their efforts to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
Years of life lost
The report identifies disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD). The results presented include several updates to previously published estimates, reflecting new data and new disease modeling methods.
The document specifically addresses 18 cardiovascular pathologies and provides estimates of 15 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease: environmental (air pollution, household air pollution, lead exposure, low and high temperature), metabolic (systolic blood pressure, LDL-C, body mass). index, fasting plasma glucose, renal dysfunction) and behavioral (diet, smoking, secondhand smoke, alcohol consumption, physical activity).
Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of mortality
Among the conclusions of the report, it stands out that ischemic heart disease continues to be the main cause of mortality from CVD in the world, with an age-standardized rate per 100,000 inhabitants of 108.8 deaths, followed by intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.
Among risk factors, high blood pressure has the greatest impact on age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to CVD, with 2,564.9 per 100,000 worldwide. Also important is diet and environmental pollution by particles, which led environmental risks.
Between 2015 and 2022, age-standardized CVD mortality increased in 27 of 204 locations.
Regarding the most affected geographic areas, Eastern Europe had the highest total CVD mortality by age with 553 deaths per 100,000. In contrast, Australasian countries had the lowest mortality with 122.5 deaths per 100,000 people.
“Identifying sustainable ways to work with communities to take steps to prevent and control modifiable risk factors for heart disease is essential to reducing the global burden of heart disease,” says George A. Mensah of the National Heart, Lung Institute. and the Blood (NHLBI).
The 2023 publication, which serves as an update to the 2022 GBD study, includes data from 204 countries and territories, highlighting the main global modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, their contribution to the burden of disease and recent advances in prevention, notes Valentín Fuster, author of the article, president of Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital and CEO of the CNIC.
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