2023-07-25 08:05:59
Consultant cardiologist, Dr. Munawar Al-Enezi, recently discussed the causes and symptoms of hypothyroidism. In a tweet on his Twitter account, Dr. Al-Enezi explained that the thyroid gland, located in the lower front part of the neck, is responsible for producing the thyroid hormone (thyroxine), which is vital for various bodily functions.
According to Dr. Al-Enezi, the thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in controlling metabolism, energy supply, weight, growth, body temperature, and the health of the skin, hair, and nails. Additionally, it regulates the heartbeat, heart pumping, blood pressure, blood vessel health, and the functioning of the digestive system.
Dr. Al-Enezi highlighted the different degrees of thyroid inactivity, noting that the incidence of hypothyroidism increases with age and affects women more than men. He outlined three levels of thyroid inactivity:
1. Simple lethargy: In this stage, no symptoms are apparent, the T3 and T4 hormones are normal, and the TSH test shows a slight elevation.
2. Moderate lethargy: Symptoms of lethargy become evident and require appropriate treatment using suitable doses.
3. Severe lethargy: This stage is rare but can accompany severe and sporadic symptoms, often requiring hospitalization.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include swelling of the face, tongue, eyelid, or lips, as well as an increase in skin thickness, particularly in the lower extremities.
Dr. Al-Enezi also discussed the causes of hypothyroidism. Autoimmune factors, such as Hashimoto’s disease, can lead to inflammation of the thyroid gland. This occurs when the immune system erroneously attacks the gland’s cells, mistakenly identifying them as foreign bodies. Medications, including lithium, radioactive iodine, medications for hyperthyroidism, amiodarone, and certain drugs used to treat tumors, can also contribute to thyroid gland lethargy. In some cases, congenital thyroid diseases or iodine deficiency/excess can lead to hypothyroidism. Pituitary gland disorders can also play a role, as these glands secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone.
The symptoms of hypothyroidism vary depending on the level of hormone deficiency and the duration of the condition. Some common symptoms include a slowed heartbeat, swelling of the front of the neck, fatigue, depression, weight gain, aversion to cold, excessive sleep, hair loss and dryness, dry and pale skin, brittle nails, swelling of the face and limbs, muscle spasms, constipation, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, increased levels of fat in the blood, irregular menstruation, and decreased sexual desire.
When diagnosing hypothyroidism, doctors consider the patient’s symptoms and family history. The analysis typically includes measuring the levels of the thyroid hormone T4 and the stimulating hormone TSH. In a normal state, these hormone levels are inversely proportional, meaning that higher levels of the thyroid hormone indicate lower levels of the stimulating hormone, and vice versa.
Understanding the causes and symptoms of hypothyroidism is crucial for early detection and proper management of the condition. Individuals experiencing any of the mentioned symptoms should consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.]
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