Costa Rica Officially Launches Medical Cannabis Program, Prioritizing Patient Safety and Pharmaceutical Control

Costa Rica has officially authorized the sale of medicinal cannabis products in pharmacies nationwide, marking a significant step forward in the country’s evolving approach to cannabis regulation and patient care. Access will be strictly controlled through medical prescriptions and rigorous pharmaceutical oversight, aligning Costa Rica with a growing number of Latin American nations embracing regulated cannabis access.

For years, patient advocacy groups, healthcare professionals, and researchers have championed the therapeutic potential of cannabis within Costa Rica. The culmination of this advocacy, and over a decade of legislative debate, has resulted in a carefully structured system designed to prioritize safe and professional access to cannabis-based treatments.

A Decade in the Making: From Bill to Regulation

The journey toward legal medical cannabis began in 2014 with the presentation of the first bill aimed at enabling controlled production for medicinal purposes. Initial discussions centered on the potential benefits and challenges of regulating the emerging industry.

Momentum significantly increased in 2022, when a public opinion survey revealed that over 70% of Costa Ricans supported the legalization of marijuana for both medicinal and industrial applications. This widespread public support paved the way for the Legislative Assembly to approve Law No. 10113, officially known as the “Cannabis Law for medicinal and therapeutic and hemp use for food and industrial use.”

Following the law’s passage, the Ministry of Health undertook the crucial task of developing detailed regulations. The resulting TECHNICAL REGULATION RTCR 515: 2024, finalized with input from health experts, pharmacologists, and international regulatory specialists, was approved and went into effect between June 21 and 22, 2025.

Accessing Medical Cannabis: A Prescription-Based System

Under the new regulations, medicinal cannabis products will be exclusively available in licensed pharmacies and require a digital prescription from a qualified healthcare provider. This deliberate approach explicitly excludes the possibility of over-the-counter sales or the establishment of cannabis dispensaries, reinforcing the program’s focus on medical necessity and professional oversight.

Access is limited to patients suffering from conditions recognized by the medical and scientific community as potentially benefiting from cannabinoid therapies. While the specific conditions haven’t been fully detailed, the program is designed to offer a complementary treatment option for patients who have not found relief through conventional methods or have experienced significant adverse effects.

“The approval of this regulation represents an opportunity to offer complementary therapies to patients who require it, provided that the established criteria are respected,” stated a prosecutor from the College of Pharmacists. “It is not a first-line therapy, but a complement which must be handled with the rigor that we apply to any other medication.”

Authorized Products and Professional Oversight

The regulations mandate that all medical cannabis products undergo rigorous quality control, including sanitary registration and adherence to strict labeling standards. Authorized forms include:

Dry flowers or inflorescences: Suitable for oral consumption (such as in infusions) or inhalation, excluding smoking.
Pharmaceutical preparations: Including oils, tinctures, capsules, tablets, creams, and oral or sublingual solutions.
Master preparations: Customized formulations prepared directly by pharmacists based on individual prescriptions, without requiring pre-market sanitary registration.

All products will be subject to stringent labeling requirements, including accurate dosage information, lot numbers, expiration dates, and clear warnings regarding potential side effects and contraindications. Trained pharmaceutical professionals will be responsible for dispensing these products, evaluating potential drug interactions, and providing patients with comprehensive guidance on proper usage and treatment protocols.

Costa Rica Joins Regional Trend

The implementation of this regulation firmly positions Costa Rica alongside other Latin American countries – including Colombia, Uruguay, and Argentina – that have adopted health-focused approaches to regulating therapeutic cannabis. This regional trend reflects a growing recognition of the potential benefits of cannabis-based medicines and a commitment to providing patients with safe and regulated access.

The road is open, and this time, it is real.

The Evolving Landscape of Medical Cannabis in Costa Rica: What’s Next?

With the launch of its regulated medical cannabis program, Costa Rica is navigating uncharted waters. The initial rollout, as detailed in TECHNICAL REGULATION RTCR 515: 2024, focuses on patient safety and controlled access [[1]]. But the path ahead involves ongoing adaptation and expansion. This section explores what the future may hold, focusing on potential developments and challenges.

One of the key areas is patient access. The current system, reliant on prescriptions and pharmacy distribution, may evolve. As the medical community gains experience with cannabis therapies, the range of qualifying conditions could broaden. moreover,as demand increases,the government might explore ways to streamline the prescription process.

Production and Cultivation: A growing Industry

The foundation for a lasting program rests on establishing local sources of medical cannabis.While the regulations focus on pharmaceutical quality and oversight, the cultivation side warrants equal consideration. The initial framework likely limits the number of licensed cultivators to ensure quality control. Over time, the government may expand these licenses.

This expansion would need to balance economic opportunities with environmental considerations, reflecting the commitment to sustainability in the cannabis industry [[2]]. Cultivation practices, including soil management and water usage, will likely be subject to strict environmental regulations to minimize the ecological impact. Local farmers and entrepreneurs will likely be invited to participate in this industry.

The Role of Research and Data

Robust research plays a pivotal role in refining the medical cannabis program. The Ministry of Health is expected to closely monitor patient outcomes, collecting data on efficacy and side effects. This data is critical for making informed decisions about treatment guidelines, product formulations, and dosage recommendations.

Collaboration between academic institutions, healthcare providers, and licensed producers will be essential. These partnerships can generate real-world evidence that informs treatment protocols. As new research emerges,the program can adapt to incorporate the latest scientific understanding of cannabis’s therapeutic potential.

Challenges and Considerations

Implementing a new medical cannabis program is not without its challenges. Combating the black market is a key obstacle. The government must continuously monitor the availability of illegal cannabis products. They must work with law enforcement to curb illicit activities and protect the integrity of the regulated system.

Ensuring product quality and safety is paramount. This includes rigorous testing for contaminants like pesticides and heavy metals. The government should maintain strict oversight to prevent the distribution of substandard or adulterated products [[3]]. Public education is crucial for promoting responsible use. The public must be educated on safe consumption practices, potential side effects, and the importance of obtaining cannabis products through medical channels.

Anticipated Expansion

The future of the program will depend on its ability to balance patient needs, scientific advancements, policy changes, and economic factors.

The Costa Rican government is highly likely to consider changes to the list of qualifying conditions over time, allowing patients facing a wider array of debilitating conditions to access cannabis-based treatments. The program could potentially include exploring the possibility of allowing specialized cannabis clinics. These clinics would provide on-site consultations, prescriptions, and dispensing of cannabis products. Regulatory frameworks will need to adapt to reflect the industry’s evolving landscape.

What does the future of medical cannabis look like in costa Rica? It promises to be one of increasing refinement, expansion, and a focus on the well-being of its citizens.

Benefits and Practical Tips

Stay Informed: Keep up to date on the latest medical cannabis research and regulatory updates via physician and pharmacy contacts.
Consult a medical Professional: Seek a qualified healthcare provider experienced in cannabinoid therapies.
Choose Reputable Pharmacies: Always obtain medical cannabis products from licensed pharmacies only.
Follow Prescribed Guidelines: Adhere strictly to dosage instructions and avoid misuse.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the main benefit of medical cannabis?

A: for many patients, medical cannabis helps alleviate symptoms of chronic pain, nausea, and other conditions. It can improve quality of life when conventional treatments are ineffective or cause critically important side effects.

Q: How can I ensure the quality of my medical cannabis products?

A: Always obtain products from licensed pharmacies. verify products have undergone quality control measures and adhere to labeling requirements, including ingredient information and dosage.

Q: Where can I learn more about the approved medical conditions?

A: Consult medical professionals and the official Ministry of Health’s website.

Q: Are there side effects to medical cannabis?

A: Yes, common side effects can include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and changes in appetite. Consult your doctor to discuss potential side effects and how to manage them based on your individual needs.

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