Earth-Like Exoplanets: NASA’s New Habitable World Finds | NASA

by Priyanka Patel

Earth-Like Exoplanet Discovered 146 Light-Years Away, Offers Potential for Habitable Conditions

A newly discovered exoplanet, HD 137010 b, is generating excitement among astronomers due to its Earth-like size and orbital period, raising the possibility – though not certainty – of conditions suitable for life. The findings, based on re-analyzed data from NASA’s decommissioned Kepler Space Telescope, were reported on january 27th.

Kepler Space Telescope-Launched in 2009, Kepler observed over 500,000 stars, identifying thousands of exoplanet candidates.Its data continues to be analyzed, yielding new discoveries.

Kepler’s Legacy Continues to Yield Discoveries

Even years after its retirement in 2018,the Kepler Space Telescope continues to deliver groundbreaking insights into the universe.NASA scientists are diligently mining the wealth of observational data collected by the telescope, and this latest discovery demonstrates the enduring value of the mission. As one researcher stated, “New discoveries are constantly being made as we continue to analyze kepler’s data.”

Introducing HD 137010 b: A Rocky World with Earth-Like Qualities

HD 137010 b is a rocky planet orbiting a sun-like star approximately 146 light-years from Earth. Its estimated orbital period is comparable to Earth’s – roughly one year. What sets this exoplanet apart is its potential location within the outer edge of its star’s habitable zone, the region around a star where temperatures could allow for the existence of liquid water on a planet’s surface, a crucial ingredient for life as we certainly know it.

This planet is unique in that,from our vantage point,it passes directly between its star and Earth,a phenomenon known as a “transit.” This alignment is notable because the star’s proximity and brightness allow for detailed follow-up observations.

Habitable Zone-Also known as the “Goldilocks zone,” this is the range of distances from a star where liquid water could exist on a planet’s surface.

A Frigid Climate, But Potential for Temperate Conditions

Despite the promising location, HD 137010 b receives significantly less energy from its star than Earth does from the Sun – less than one-third. The host star, while similar in type to our Sun, is cooler and dimmer, resulting in an estimated surface temperature on the planet that likely doesn’t exceed -90 degrees Fahrenheit (-68 degrees Celsius). For context,the average surface temperature on Mars is around -85 degrees Fahrenheit (-65 degrees celsius).

Though, scientists emphasize that a frigid climate isn’t necessarily a definitive barrier to habitability. A sufficiently dense atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide could trap enough heat to create a more temperate environment and potentially support liquid water.Models suggest a 40% chance the planet resides within the “conservative” habitable zone and a 51% chance within the broader “optimistic” habitable zone, while there’s roughly a 50% probability it falls entirely outside the habitable zone.

Confirmation Still Needed for This Candidate Planet

Currently, HD 137010 b is considered a “candidate planet,” meaning further observations are required to confirm its planetary status. The discovery was initially based on a single transit detected by the Kepler Space Telescope. Scientists rely on observing multiple transits to verify that a signal is indeed caused by a planet and not another astronomical phenomenon.

Observing these recurring transits will be challenging. Because the planet’s orbit is similar to Earth’s, the transits occur less frequently than those of planets orbiting closer to their stars. This rarity is a key reason why discovering Earth-like exoplanets is so tough.

Transit method-Detecting planets by observing the slight dimming of a star’s light as a planet passes in front of it.

The Future of Exoplanet Research

The discovery of HD 137010 b underscores the ongoing quest to identify planets beyond our solar system that could potentially harbor life. The research, published in Astrophysical Journal Letters, represents a significant step forward in this endeavor.As technology advances and more data becomes available, the search for habitable worlds will undoubtedly continue to yield exciting new discoveries.

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