2023-10-11 22:08:43
It is a change in strategy that is intended to be “radical”. Public aid for the thermal renovation of housing, in particular MaPrimeRénov’ (MPR) provided by Anah (National Housing Agency), will from January 1st favor overall renovations, and no longer isolated works. Thus, in the case of housing classified F or G by the energy performance diagnosis (DPE), and therefore considered as an “energy sieve”, the isolated purchase of a heat pump (PAC) for example, The insulation of attics or walls from the outside will no longer benefit from any assistance.
“The overall insulation of housing becomes a priority before any other approach,” analyzes Audrey Zermati, the strategy director of Effy, specializing in supporting individuals with their renovation work. Only owners of housing that is already insulated are eligible for assistance in the event of isolated work. » In this case only, an increase in aid for the installation of air/water or geothermal heat pumps, replacing equipment running on oil or gas, is planned: “from 1,000 to 2,000 euros for one household with modest or intermediate incomes,” specifies an advisor to the cabinet of Christophe Béchu, the Minister of Ecological Transition.
Why this change of direction? While housing is responsible for 16% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in France, effectively renovate the French real estate stock, and in particular the 5 million energy sieves that make it up (and even 7 million, if the second homes are taken into account), constitutes an essential step towards achieving the objective of a 55% GHG reduction in 2030. To achieve this, the government has set itself an ambitious objective: 200,000 overall renovations on the year 2024 against… 60,000 in 2022, and probably barely as many in 2023.
“Since its creation in 2020, MaPrimeRénov’ has supported the renovation of a total of 2 million homes,” the office of Christophe Béchu, the Minister of Ecological Transition, recalls. Three-quarters of the beneficiaries are low-income households. » Problem: 90% of these renovations are in fact isolated works, not allowing much gain in the energy performance of the home. Only 10% involved large-scale works, based on a global strategy including heating, but also insulation. And for good reason: the average cost of this type of project is estimated between 40,000 and 70,000 euros, depending on the size and condition of the accommodation.
Up to 7,000 euros left to pay for a very modest household
To implement this new strategy, the State claims to have put in place the means. The budget for MaPrimeRénov’ (MPR) was revised upwards, with an additional 1.6 billion euros, bringing the overall budget to 5 billion. “From now on, up to 70,000 euros of work can be taken into account (compared to 35,000 euros maximum today), with a coverage rate which could reach up to 90% for a household with very modest incomes” , we specify in the entourage of Agnès Pannier-Runacher, the Minister of Energy Transition.
Enough to still leave a significant remainder, up to 7,000 euros for a very modest household. Probably much more for the other categories. “Such sums can be financed by a zero-interest loan (eco-PTZ),” replies an advisor to Christophe Béchu. In theory, yes. In practice, banks remain extremely cautious about offering these financing tools. And even more so since the recent rise in borrowing rates.
“Not sure that this strengthening of the existing system will be sufficient to achieve the objectives set by the government,” analyzes Audrey Zermati. Putting more money on the table is not enough. When we look at the number of overall renovations that will actually be carried out this year, and the objective of 200,000 for next year, the step is very, very high. And unfortunately, contrary to what the public authorities say, the process for individuals will be greatly complicated. A real obstacle course for many households. »
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