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The European Commission is warning of health risks linked to the presence of a natural genotoxic and carcinogenic compound, estragol, in preparations based on fennel seeds, particularly infusions. An evaluation is underway. Pending its conclusions, the consumption of these products is not recommended, in particular for pregnant or breastfeeding women and babies.
In summary
- Estragol alert The European Commission is concerned about the presence of estragol in fennel infusions, a natural compound suspected of being carcinogenic and genotoxic.
- Public at risk Consumption is strongly discouraged for pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as infants and young children.
German health authorities first raised concerns about estragol (1) in products for infants, a naturally occurring compound already known for its potential to damage DNA and cause cancer (2). Now, the European Commission has requested a re-evaluation of foods containing estragol from the European Health Safety Agency (EFSA). This includes infusions made with sweet or bitter fennel seeds, as well as spice blends and dietary supplements.
EFSA scientists have determined that, “based on the available data, [they] have not been able to establish a safe level of exposure to estragol,” according to the Commission. They believe that consuming fennel seed preparations could pose a health risk, especially for vulnerable populations—babies, young children, and fetuses or infants exposed through pregnant or breastfeeding mothers.
This caution is particularly relevant given fennel seeds’ traditional use to boost lactation and relieve colic. Many herbal teas marketed for these purposes contain fennel! It’s wise to check the ingredients of your herbal teas while awaiting EFSA’s final opinion, expected in November 2026, after a review of the latest scientific data.
Good to know Some manufacturers remove estragol during production, resulting in products deemed safe by EFSA. Clear labeling to inform consumers about this process is crucial.
(1) Estragol is also the main constituent of tarragon essential oil.
(2) The European Medicines Agency highlighted the carcinogenic and genotoxic properties of estragol in a 2005 report.
