The retina of the eye contains the so-called rods and cones. These photoreceptors are sensitive to light. In a study with mice by, among others, the Chinese Institute of Neuroscience, these receptors were switched off at different times. This enabled the researchers to monitor how the pain experience changed.
The photoreceptors send signals to cells on the inside of the retina. Those cells are affected by the type of light that shines on the eyes. If that light is green, more substances are released that slow down the nervous system.
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Slowing down the nervous system activates a protein called PENK. That protein, in turn, activates opioid receptors in the brain. These receptors can connect with opioids (pain-relieving substances) and thus reduce pain.
In short: when we see green light, the cones send a signal to cells on the retina, slowing down our nervous system. This activates a protein that ensures that analgesic substances (such as morphine and the body’s own endorphins) can bind with pain receptors. When that bonding takes place, we experience less pain.
The research has been published in the scientific journal Science Translational Medicine. The scientists want to further investigate why the brain is developed in such a way that green light can reduce the sensation of pain.
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