Riga, Latvia – A team of researchers at the University of Latvia has achieved a breakthrough in quantum electronics that could pave the way for faster, more powerful, and significantly smaller computers. The work, which involves the creation of new mathematical models for a novel type of transistor, has been recognized as one of the most significant scientific achievements in Latvia for 2025 by the Latvian Academy of Sciences.
As technology continues to push the boundaries of what’s possible, conventional physics is reaching its limits. Creating smaller and more efficient devices requires a shift in approach – a move towards quantum physics. Electronics underpin nearly every aspect of modern life, from the internet and computers to smartphones, and the need for continued innovation in this field is paramount.
The Latvian team’s research focuses on understanding and harnessing the behavior of electrons at the quantum level. According to Associate Professor Ģirts Barinovs of the University of Latvia, physicists have, in recent years, learned to control the delivery of electrons with unprecedented precision – delivering them one at a time, or in precisely measured quantities. “This opens up the possibility of creating exceptionally small and powerful devices, but for a long time it wasn’t clear how to utilize this potential,” he explained in a recent interview with Latvian Television’s “Rīta Panorāma” program.
New Models for a Quantum Future
The core of the breakthrough lies in the development of new theoretical models that not only describe but also predict how these quantum devices can operate. These mathematical models allow for the creation of a new type of electron transistor, operating at a scale where classical physics no longer applies. “When building ever faster and smaller microchips, researchers reach a point where classical descriptions are no longer sufficient,” explains Elīna Pavlovska, a physics doctoral candidate at the University of Latvia. “At the nanoscale, the behavior and nature of individual quantum particles grow decisive.”
The research, conducted within the University of Latvia’s Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, builds on years of work in nanoelectronics theory. The team’s models allow for the prediction of current switching in transistors at the level of individual electrons – a crucial step towards building more efficient and powerful computing systems.
International Collaboration and the Role of Mathematics
The project wasn’t undertaken in isolation. The Latvian researchers collaborated with partners in France and Germany, who were responsible for the fabrication and testing of the devices. Crucially, the work also highlighted the importance of mathematics in advancing scientific discovery. “Mathematics helps to practically improve the scientific code that was previously impossible to calculate,” explained Mārtiņš Kokainis, a researcher at the University of Latvia. “After correct transformations and analysis, it is possible to achieve that the code works significantly faster, thus helping research work.”
The Nanoelectronics Theory Group at the University of Latvia has developed a method for predicting current switching in transistors at the level of individual electrons. This capability is a significant step forward in the field of quantum electronics.
Latvia’s Growing Role in Global Science
The achievement has been lauded by the Latvian scientific community. “Here’s another niche where Latvian science is operating at a world level,” said Vjačeslavs Kaščejevs, a full member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. He emphasized that this success allows Latvia to participate in international initiatives, including the planning of a quantum internet, and to be invited to consortia alongside leading European universities working on the next stage of electrotransistor commercialization.
The potential implications of this research are far-reaching. The team’s work could contribute to the development of the world’s first quantum computer, as well as the creation of faster and smaller computers for everyday utilize. The ability to accurately model and control electron behavior at the quantum level is a fundamental step towards realizing these technologies.
Looking Ahead
The Latvian Academy of Sciences’ recognition of this work underscores the growing importance of quantum technologies and Latvia’s increasing contribution to the global scientific landscape. The next steps involve further refinement of the mathematical models and continued collaboration with international partners to translate these theoretical advancements into practical applications. The University of Latvia’s Nanoelectronics Theory Group is actively seeking opportunities to expand its research and contribute to the ongoing revolution in computing technology.
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