Riga, Latvia – A team of researchers at the University of Latvia has achieved a breakthrough in theoretical physics that could pave the way for faster, more powerful computers and potentially contribute to the development of the world’s first quantum computer. The work, focused on new mathematical models for electron transistors, has been recognized as one of the most significant scientific achievements in Latvia for 2025 by the Latvian Academy of Sciences.
As technology continues to advance, the limitations of classical physics are becoming increasingly apparent. Creating smaller and more efficient devices requires a shift in approach – embracing the principles of quantum physics. Electronics underpin nearly every aspect of modern life, from the internet and computers to smartphones, and the need for continued innovation in this field is paramount.
The University of Latvia’s research centers on understanding and harnessing the behavior of electrons at the quantum level. According to Associate Professor Ģirts Barinovs of the University of Latvia, physicists have recently learned to control the delivery of electrons with unprecedented precision, dispensing them in specific quantities – from single electrons to millions per second. While this capability holds immense promise, the challenge lay in understanding how to effectively utilize this potential.
“When building ever faster and smaller microchips, researchers reach a point where classical descriptions are no longer sufficient,” explained Elīna Pavlovska, a physics doctoral candidate at the University of Latvia. “At the nanoscale, the behavior and nature of individual quantum particles become dominant.”
New Models for a Quantum Future
Researchers at the Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology at the University of Latvia have developed new theoretical models that not only describe but also predict how these nanoscale devices can operate. These mathematical models are crucial for designing a new type of electron transistor. The work was conducted in collaboration with partners in France and Germany, who are responsible for manufacturing and testing the equipment.
The project also highlighted the vital role of mathematics in advancing scientific discovery. Mārtiņš Kokainis, a researcher at the University of Latvia, emphasized that mathematics is instrumental in optimizing the scientific code, enabling calculations previously considered impossible. “After correct transformations and analysis, it’s possible to achieve significantly faster code execution, which in turn accelerates the research process,” he said.
The Nanoelectronics Theory Group at the University of Latvia’s work allows for the prediction of current switching in transistors at the level of individual electrons. This precise control is a key step towards building more efficient and powerful electronic devices.
Latvia’s Role in Global Quantum Initiatives
The significance of this achievement extends beyond Latvia’s borders. Vjačeslavs Kaščejevs, a real member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, underscored that this research represents another niche where Latvian science operates at a world-class level. “This allows Latvia to participate in international initiatives, including the planning of a quantum internet, and to be invited to consortia with leading European universities working on the next step in the commercialization of electrotransistors,” Kaščejevs stated.
The potential applications of this research are far-reaching. The team’s work could contribute to the development of the world’s first quantum computer, as well as the creation of faster and smaller computers for everyday use. The implications for fields like medicine, artificial intelligence, and data security are substantial.
Looking Ahead
The Latvian Academy of Sciences announced the winners of its 2025 science achievement competition on January 14, 2026, according to a statement on the Latvian Science Council website. The competition evaluated 55 submissions across natural, engineering, medical, social, and agricultural sciences. The Latvian Academy of Sciences will host a closing ceremony on February 27, 2026, to celebrate the winning achievements, as detailed on the Latvian Academy of Sciences website.
The next steps for the University of Latvia’s research team involve continued collaboration with international partners to refine the mathematical models and translate them into tangible technological advancements. The ongoing development of quantum technologies promises to reshape the future of computing and beyond, and Latvia is poised to play a significant role in this revolution.
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