Piedmont, Italy, is experiencing an unprecedented surge in respiratory infections, with nearly one million cases reported since mid-October. This season’s pattern differs significantly from previous years, marked by an earlier start, greater persistence, and a disproportionate impact on both children and the elderly. The confluence of multiple viruses, including COVID-19, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is straining healthcare resources and prompting public health officials to reassess seasonal baselines.
As of late March, approximately 968,000 cases of respiratory illness have been recorded, with projections reaching one million as data collection from sentinel physicians concludes. While the overall incidence is currently low, the simultaneous circulation of several viruses—rhinovirus (the common cold) being most prevalent, followed by RSV, various coronaviruses, metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and influenza viruses—presents a complex public health challenge. This widespread viral activity is a departure from pre-pandemic norms, where seasonal infection rates rarely exceeded 15% of the population.
The regional epidemiology service (Seremi) in Piedmont confirms that the season began earlier than anticipated, with case incidence surpassing baseline levels as early as mid-October, fueled by lingering COVID-19 circulation from the late summer and early autumn of 2025. The peak incidence arrived five weeks earlier than in the previous season, reaching 19 cases per 1,000 residents in mid-December—the highest rate observed in the last decade. This contrasts sharply with previous seasons, where the peak typically occurred in the early new year.
A Shift in Surveillance and Viral Landscape
According to Dr. Chiara Pasqualini, head of Seremi, a revised national surveillance case definition—expanding to include all acute respiratory infections, even those without fever—may have contributed to the higher reported numbers. However, she emphasized that this change did not alter the overall temporal trend of the epidemic. “The broadened definition allows for a more comprehensive picture of respiratory illness circulating in the community,” Dr. Pasqualini explained. “While it may increase the absolute number of cases reported, it doesn’t fundamentally change the timing of the peak or the overall trajectory.”
Data indicates that approximately 23% of the Piedmontese population—around 970,000 individuals—contracted an acute respiratory infection from the start of the season through March 22. This compares to 21% (923,000 cases) in the 2024-2025 season and 22% (951,000 cases) in the 2023-2024 season. During pre-pandemic years, infection rates rarely exceeded 15%. At the peak of the season, an estimated 81,000 cases were reported, compared to 60,000 and 76,000 in the previous two seasons, respectively.
Increased Vulnerability Among the Elderly
For over a decade, children have consistently been the most affected age group. However, Dr. Pasqualini notes a significant shift post-COVID-19, with a marked increase in cases among the elderly. “The percentage of cases in the older population has doubled, rising from 7% to 14%,” she stated. This increased vulnerability underscores the importance of vaccination and preventative measures within this demographic.
The impact of the surge was acutely felt in hospital emergency departments. In December, hospitals within the ASL of Turin experienced a substantial increase in visits related to respiratory syndrome, exceeding 2,800. The weekly average of total admissions rose from approximately 4,100 to over 4,500. The peak period, between December 8th and 28th, saw respiratory illnesses account for up to 17% of all emergency department visits.
Vaccination and Future Preparedness
This season was characterized by the dominance of influenza A(H3N2), particularly the K variant, alongside a significant presence of rhinovirus. Over 800,000 (837,527) individuals in Piedmont received influenza vaccinations, including 585,682 people aged 65 and older. Approximately 68,000 residents were vaccinated against COVID-19.
The evolving viral landscape necessitates a heightened state of alert and strengthened early warning systems, according to Seremi. “The endemic presence of COVID-19 has created a scenario characterized by higher incidence levels, which should be considered the new seasonal standard,” Dr. Pasqualini explained. “These new standards will also influence hospital capacity planning and resource allocation.”
Looking ahead, public health officials in Piedmont will continue to monitor circulating viruses and assess the effectiveness of current vaccination strategies. The next official update on respiratory illness trends is expected in early May, providing a more comprehensive assessment of the season’s impact and informing future preparedness efforts. The experience of this season underscores the importance of ongoing vigilance and proactive measures to protect vulnerable populations from the evolving threat of respiratory infections.
Disclaimer: This article provides information for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.
What are your thoughts on this year’s respiratory illness season? Share your experiences and concerns in the comments below, and please share this article with your network to assist raise awareness.
