Sex & Gender in Research: Policy Shifts Explained

by Grace Chen

LONDON, October 1, 2025 — A significant shift is underway in UK medical research. For years, scientists have faced criticism for overlooking how biological sex and socially constructed gender roles impact health and disease. Now, the nation’s leading funding bodies are demanding change.

A New Era for Inclusive Research

The move aims to address historical biases and improve the relevance of medical findings for all populations.

  • The National Institute of Health and Care Research and Wellcome have adopted new sex and gender policies for funded research.
  • Several medical research charities, including Breakthrough T1D and the British Heart Foundation, have updated their application processes.
  • Researchers will now be required to outline robust plans for incorporating sex and gender considerations into their studies.

The National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) and the Wellcome Trust, a major charitable foundation, have both adopted policies requiring consideration of sex and gender in the research they fund. This means researchers seeking grants will need to demonstrate how their studies will account for these factors. Understanding these differences is crucial; for example, heart disease presents differently in men and women, and certain autoimmune conditions disproportionately affect one sex over the other.

What’s the difference between sex and gender? Sex refers to biological attributes like chromosomes and hormones, while gender encompasses socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities. Both influence health.

Charities Lead the Charge

The policy changes aren’t limited to government and large foundations. Several medical research charities have also taken action. Breakthrough T1D, the British Heart Foundation, Cystic Fibrosis Trust, and Fight for Sight have all updated their applicant guidance and funding application forms. These revisions ensure researchers proactively propose plans to account for sex and gender in their work.

This isn’t simply about adding a demographic question to a survey. It’s about designing studies that actively investigate how sex and gender influence everything from disease development to treatment response. It’s about recognizing that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to medicine often fails to serve everyone effectively.

Why Now?

The push for greater inclusivity in research reflects a growing awareness of systemic biases in medical science. Historically, research has often focused primarily on male subjects, leading to gaps in knowledge about how conditions manifest and respond to treatment in women and individuals of diverse gender identities. Addressing these gaps is essential for improving health outcomes across the board.

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