2024-05-13 00:28:02
Smokers tend to eat less and have less healthy eating habits than non-smokers. This may help explain why smokers often gain weight when they quit.
Smokers generally have lower body weight and body mass index (BMI, weight divided by height squared, kg/㎡) compared to non-smokers. Quitting smoking is thought to be linked to weight gain, and studies have shown that smoking can be used to control weight and suppress appetite. Pre-clinical research suggests that the nicotine content in cigarettes may suppress appetite and influence subsequent eating habits. However, the correlation between smoking and eating habits in humans is unclear.
After looking into this in more detail, a research team from Loughborough University and the University of Leicester in the UK analyzed the relationship between smoking and eating behavior among 80,000 British adults at the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) conference held in Venice, Italy on the 13th. They confirmed that they tend to eat less than non-smokers and do not have healthy eating habits.
The research team said the results of the study may help explain why former smokers gain weight after quitting smoking and demonstrate the importance of providing nutritional and weight management support to smokers trying to quit.
Researchers analyzed data from 83,781 people aged 18 or older collected by British medical charity Nuffield Heath through a health assessment program between 2004 and 2022 to examine the link between smoking and eating habits and eating behavior.
Among the participants, 6,454 smokers (average age 40 years, 37% female) and 77,327 non-smokers (average age 44 years, 38% female). Participants filled out questionnaires about their age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking status, and usual eating habits, and their body mass index was also measured.
After adjusting for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, smokers were 2.16 times more likely to skip a meal than non-smokers, and were 50% more likely to go without eating for more than 3 hours.
Additionally, smokers were 35% less likely to eat snacks between meals than non-smokers, 19% less likely to eat food as a reward or diversion, and 14% less likely to eat food to relieve boredom. The likelihood of eating sweets between meals or as dessert was 8-13% lower.
On the other hand, smokers were 8% more likely to eat fried food, 70% more likely to add salt to food, and 36% more likely to add sugar to food. They were also 19% more likely to have difficulty leaving food behind.
The research team found that this trend was stronger in older people than in younger people, and that men were more likely than women to add salt and sugar to their food, suggesting that male smokers may be more vulnerable to less healthy eating habits. He said he would.
Lead researcher Dr Scott Willis, from Loughborough University, said: “Concern about weight gain is a common reason why smokers do not try to quit or fail in their attempts to quit.
“Our findings show that smoking is associated with a pattern of eating habits consistent with reduced food intake and poor diet quality, characterized by frequent consumption of fried foods and the addition of salt and sugar to meals,” he said. “It may help explain the weight gain commonly observed when stopping exercise,” he added.
However, the researchers acknowledged the limitations of this type of study, which was derived from observation, and that a clear causal relationship between smoking and changes in eating habits cannot be determined in this type of population-based study.
Park Hae-sik, Donga.com reporter pistols@donga.com
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2024-05-13 00:28:02