Following drone attacks in Bulgaria’s exclusive economic zone that sank one cargo ship and damaged another, security experts warn the nation cannot secure Black Sea shipping alone and call for joint NATO anti-drone systems as government officials face criticism over withheld investigation details.
Black Sea Drone Attacks Target Commercial Ships Off Biala
Two commercial cargo vessels came under attack roughly 70 nautical miles east of Biala in Bulgaria’s exclusive economic zone. The Council of Ministers confirmed that aerial and surface drones carried out the strike. The first vessel, which sailed under the Togo flag, sank following the impact. The second ship sustained damage and caught fire, forcing a full crew evacuation.
A naval vessel deployed by the military transported two wounded sailors to Varna for medical care. The marine rescue coordination center in Varna directed the emergency response alongside the Navy, Air Force, border police, and maritime administration teams. Maritime Captain Todor Georgiev noted that satellites tracked the drones used in the strike across Bulgarian waters, suggesting officials could readily determine their origin.
Security Council Convenes as Officials Condemn Strike
The Consultative Council for National Security gathered at the presidential institution in Sofia under the theme of current risks to maritime security and critical infrastructure amid the ongoing war in Ukraine. Military leadership, including defense chief Admiral Emil Eftimov, joined the discussions.
Prime Minister Rumen Radev condemned the maritime strike as absolutely unacceptable and a violation of international law and maritime rules, warning that the conflict in Ukraine continuously amplifies regional security risks. The previous council session took place on February 18, 2025.
Former Defense Minister Criticizes Government Response
Former defense minister Todor Tagarev accused state institutions of withholding vital information regarding the attacks near the Bulgarian coast. According to his assessment, maritime administration authorities track commercial traffic and possess detailed logs concerning vessel routes, cargo manifests, and final destinations. Tagarev pointed out that the Russian defense ministry already reported strikes on vessels it classified as carrying military supplies.
“They are waiting for the ship to sink and are not conducting an investigation, so that additional evidence does not emerge showing that the attack came from the Russian side… We see a total unwillingness on the part of the government to establish the truth about these cases, while at the same time some distracting theses are being thrown at us,” Todor Tagarev told Bulgaria ON AIR.
Tagarev characterized the incident as a deliberate, coordinated, and carefully planned operation. He argued that waiting for vessels to sink without conducting investigations prevents the collection of evidence pointing toward the source of the attack.
Bulgaria Must Integrate Defense Operations with NATO Systems
Independent national defense remains almost impossible to find given the country’s limited domestic assets for detecting and intercepting aerial and marine drones. Tagarev argued that Sofia must integrate its operations with broader NATO surveillance systems and information-sharing networks, emphasizing that there is no problem for Bulgaria, together with its NATO allies, to guarantee shipping in the Black Sea.
And even after the Consultative Council for National Security, I do not see the concept that we must, together with our allies, build anti-drone systems,
Todor Tagarev told Bulgaria ON AIR.
As a practical framework for expanded deterrence, Tagarev proposed expanding the mandate of the existing trilateral mine countermeasures group formed by Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey to cover drone defense and critical infrastructure protection. He emphasized that the nation should adopt tactical lessons learned from Ukraine when acquiring specialized defense architecture.