1856: Chinese military board the British ship “Arrow” and arrest twelve crew members on charges of piracy. This leads to the second British-Chinese war.
1866: Frankfurt am Main is incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia.
1871: The “Big Fire” breaks out in Chicago. More than 300 people are killed and 90,000 are made homeless.
1881: A hurricane in Haiphong in northern Vietnam claims over 300,000 lives.
1906: The German hairdresser Karl Ludwig Nessler invents the permanent wave. During his demonstration in front of professional colleagues, he uses twelve brass winders, each of which weighs almost a kilogram. The procedure takes about six hours.
1956: In a diplomatic note, the Austrian federal government demands that Italy comply with the so-called Gruber-De-Gasperi Agreement of 1946 on the autonomy of South Tyrol.
1961: The various civil war parties in Laos agree to form a coalition government under Prince Souvanna Phouma, the exponent of the neutralists.
1966: The University of Social and Economic Sciences, today’s Johannes Kepler University, opens in Linz.
1991: An Austrian Cessna crashes not far from Hanover: the pilot and seven Austrian medics are killed.
1996: Palestinian President Yasser Arafat meets with President Ezer Weizman on his first official visit to Israel.
2001: The Russian nuclear submarine “Kursk”, which sank in August 2000 after several explosions, is recovered from the bottom of the Barents Sea. All 118 crew members were killed.
2001: 118 people are killed in a collision between two planes at Linate Airport in Milan.
Birthdays: Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Polish international lawyer, politician and diplomat (1926-2010); Günter Mittag, German politician (1926-1994); Andreas “Anderl” Molterer, US entrepreneur, formerly east. Ski racer (1931); Jesse Jackson, US theologian, civil rights activist and politician (1941); Hanan Ashrawi, Palest. Politician (1946); Erwin Bohatsch, east. Painter, graphic artist and draftsman (1951).
Days of Death: Friedrich Krupp, German industrialist (1787-1826); Heinz Kohut, US psychoanalyst east. Herk. (1913-1981); Dietrich Körnerer, German theater actor (1929-2001).
Name days: Günther, Gregor, Sergius, Simeon, Brigitta, Reinfrieda, Pelagia, Demetrius, Marcellus, Anna, Hugo.