2024-09-10 07:25:37
Eye diseases are one of the main causes of vision loss in the world. Although many can be prevented or treated with proper diagnosis, failure to pay attention to early symptoms often leads to serious vision health problems. With the age of the population and the intensive use of screens, it is important to understand what the most common eye diseases are, how they affect our vision and what treatments are available.
1. Fall
The falls They are one of the main causes of blindness in adults. This eye disease is characterized by opacification of the crystalline lens, the natural lens of the eye, which prevents the clear passage of light to the retina.
The causes
Cataracts are often part of the natural aging process, although they can also be related to:
- Prolonged exposure to UV rays.
- Diseases like diabetes.
- Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids.
- Family history.
Symptoms
- Poor or cloudy vision.
- Sensitivity to light.
- Problem seen at night.
- Frequent changes in lens prescription.
Treatment
Cataract surgery is the only necessary solution. During the operation, the opaque lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens. It is a safe and effective procedure that, in many cases, restores vision.
2. Glaucoma
Him glaucoma It is another of the most common and dangerous eye diseases. It refers to a group of disorders that damage the optic nerve, usually due to pressure build-up in the eye.
The causes
Glaucoma can be hereditary, but important risk factors include:
- Advanced age.
- High intraocular pressure.
- Family history of glaucoma.
- Diabetes or hypertension.
Symptoms
Glaucoma is known as the “silent thief of vision” because in its early stages it has no obvious symptoms. In advanced stages, symptoms may include:
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision.
- Severe eye pain (in acute glaucoma).
- Visions or halos around lights.
Treatment
Glaucoma treatment aims to reduce intraocular pressure. It may include eye drops, oral medications, laser, or surgery in severe cases. It is important to find it in time to avoid irreversible damage.
3. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Them age-related macular degeneration (AMD) It is the leading cause of central vision loss in people over 50 years of age. It affects the macula, a small area in the center of the retina responsible for visual vision.
The causes
Although age is the most important risk factor, other factors include:
- Smoking
- Exposure to sunlight.
- Bad food.
- Family history.
Symptoms
- Loss of central vision.
- Distortion of straight lines (they appear wavy).
- Trouble reading or recognizing faces.
- Need more light for nearby tasks.
Treatment
There is currently no cure for AMD, but treatment can slow its progression. Options include:
- Internal injections.
- Photodynamic therapy.
- Vitamin and antioxidant supplements.
4. Conjunctivitis
Them conjunctivitis It is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It is a very common eye disease that can affect people of all ages.
The causes
There are three main types of conjunctivitis:
- Bacterial disease: caused by bacteria.
- Infected: common in cold or viral infections.
- Allergy: caused by allergens such as dust or pollen.
Symptoms
- Red eyes.
- Facial expression.
- Picazon or burning.
- Sensitivity to light.
Treatment
Treatment varies depending on the cause:
- Bacterial conjunctivitis: it is treated with antibiotic eye drops.
- Viral conjunctivitis: usually resolves on its own within a few days.
- Allergic conjunctivitis: treated with antihistamines or anti-allergic eye drops.
5. Myopia
Them myopiaalso known as nearsightedness, is a reflex disorder in which people can see close objects clearly, but have difficulty seeing objects at a distance.
The causes
Myopia usually develops in childhood and can worsen over time. It is important because:
- Hereditary factors.
- Prolonged use of electronic devices.
- Lack of exposure to natural light during childhood.
Symptoms
- Vision of distant objects.
- Headache.
- Need to squint to see from a distance.
Treatment
Myopia treatment includes:
- Glasses or contact lenses.
- Refractive surgery (such as LASIK) to permanently correct vision.
6. diabetic retinopathy
Them diabetic retinopathy It is an eye complication that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina.
The causes
Poorly controlled diabetes is the main cause of diabetic retinopathy. The risk increases with the duration of diabetes and uncontrolled glucose levels.
Symptoms
In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy may not cause symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms may include:
- Points or floating points in the field of view.
- Eyesight.
- Loss of vision.
Treatment
Treatment includes:
- Strict control of blood sugar levels.
- Laser treatments to stop leaking blood vessels.
- Intravenous injections to reduce inflammation.
End
Eye care is important to maintain a good quality of life. Many of the most common eye diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, can be prevented or treated if caught early. The key is to pay attention to early symptoms and go to regular check-ups with a specialist.
Visual health is a pillar of our well-beingand information is the first step to protect it.
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