Key points:
- A system which replicates the womb lining (endometrium) with high biological fidelity has been developed by researchers at the Babraham Institute and used to listen in to the communication that happens between the embryo and endometrium at the crucial stage of development when the embryo implants.
- Using donated endometrial tissue to seed the model, the approach provides the most advanced culture system for understanding how early-stage human embryos implant into the endometrium to establish a healthy pregnancy.
- The engineered womb lining responds to the embryo as in a pregnancy, producing essential factors needed to nourish the embryo. This feature distinguishes the technology from previous models.
- Using this system, the researchers observed crucial landmarks in early placental development, including the creation of structures that later form the interface for maternal-foetal exchange of oxygen and nutrients.
- Learning more about this key stage of development could shine a light on infertility,miscarriage and conditions such as pre-eclampsia,generally as well as through personalised endometrial models.
By engineering a system replicating the womb lining with high biological accuracy, researchers at the Babraham Institute and Stanford University have been able to study the implantation of human embryos, opening up this enigmatic process to examination. This now allows scientists to study interactions between the womb and embryo, and look for the causes behind implantation failure, a main reason for early pregnancy loss, and the origins of pregnancy complications.
“Understanding embryo implantation and embryo development just after implantation has significant clinical relevance as these stages are particularly prone to failure,” said Dr Peter Rugg-Gunn, senior group leader at the babraham Institute who led the study. “In particular, the high rate of implantation failure represents one of the main limiting factors for IVF success.”
About one week after fertilisation, the developing embryo embeds into the womb lining (endometrium). This stage in development is one of the least understood due to the difficulty of observing the embryo during and after implantation.
Engineering the womb lining model
The new 3D model system looks to replicate the complex physiological properties and cellular composition of the endometrium. The model is built in a step-by-step process by bringing together the different components of endometrial tissue. The team isolated two essential cell types that form endometrial tissue – epithelial cells and stromal cells – from tissue donated by healthy people who had endometrial biopsies.
As well as the cell types,the researchers sought to recreate the structure of the womb lining.Facts from donated endometrial tissue was used to identify the tissue components that give the womb lining its structure. The researchers were able to incorporate these components together with the stromal cells into a spec
at this crucial stage, the team’s model could be used to detect differences in the endometrial response in the embryo-womb lining communication for individuals experiencing infertility issues and also to test treatments that may increase reception of the embryo by the endometrium.
Dr Sarah Elderkin, co-first author of the study and senior research scientist, concluded: “The synchronised communications between the embryo and womb lining are essential for a healthy baby and a healthy mother. Our model provides the ability for us to understand how this connection is established at implantation with implications for infertility, improving pregnancy success and early identification of pregnancy disorders. We are hugely grateful to people who donate surplus embryos to enable research like ours, without whom it wouldn’t be possible.”
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