How microtubules self-organize in cells

by Laura Richards – Editor-in-Chief

2024-11-26 09:30:00

​ Self-organization of microtubules,in orange,in an artificial cell,seen under⁤ a microscope. Microtubules isolate the‌ purple⁣ regions where certain molecular motors​ are concentrated. ‍

“We’ve put our finger on something huge”enthuses Manuel théry, researcher at ​the Commission for ‌Atomic Energy and Option ‍Energy, at the Higher School of Industrial‍ Physics and Chemistry⁤ of⁤ the city of Paris, met in a bar.He wears⁢ a T-shirt that reveals the central object of‌ his discovery:‍ a microtubule. These tubular protein filaments, 25 nanometers in diameter, are essential parts of cells. on these “tracks,”⁣ other molecules transport proteins from one point in the ⁤cell to another.

Their network organization also forms‌ the skeleton of cells, to allow them to change shape, ⁣advance⁢ and even divide in two. In short, a bond as fundamental as other compounds, such as ⁢the nucleus containing DNA,‌ mitochondria⁢ or other ribosomes…‌ but which remains largely⁢ misunderstood. How does this ​network grow, capable of repairing itself, growing or shrinking, in an orderly way?

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Microtubules stack on top of each ⁤other, and ‌its long stacks close in on themselves. The space is divided into purple and cyan blue regions, separated by walls⁣ of​ microtubules. The mosaic, in certain places, evokes ⁣Christmas wreaths, bristling with microtubules.

The sight is all​ the ⁣more‌ stunning for a biologist ⁤because he recognizes the structures adopted by‌ microtubules in cells. Except ⁢that, in the study, we are not dealing with actual cells, but‌ with model systems with a minimum of ingredients that make up four families. Obviously microtubules. Then two types of “motors”, kinesins ⁤(a protein), ​which⁢ run​ on⁢ these⁣ tubes in one direction (“plus” motor) or the other (“minus” motor). And, last ingredient, a lipid ⁣membrane over which the motors ⁣wander randomly when they‌ are not on a microtubule.

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