The promise of a better night’s sleep is a powerful draw, fueling a booming market for sleep-tracking apps and wearable devices. But for many struggling with insomnia, these technologies may be doing more harm than excellent, according to new research from the University of Bergen in Norway. The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, reveals that while some users find sleep apps insightful, individuals with insomnia symptoms are more likely to experience increased anxiety and stress related to their sleep.
The sleep-tracking devices market generated approximately $5 billion in revenue in 2023 and is projected to double by 2030, according to market research firm Grand View Research. These devices, typically relying on sensors in smartwatches and fitness bands, monitor sleep latency, duration, and efficiency. But the constant stream of data, researchers found, can amplify worries for those already struggling to sleep.
Heightened Awareness, Heightened Anxiety
Researchers surveyed over 1,000 adults in Norway, with an average age of 50, about their use of sleep apps, their sleep health, and any perceived positive or negative effects. The questionnaire included the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS) to assess insomnia symptoms and ten items focusing on the perceived impact of sleep app use. The findings suggest a strong correlation between app usage and increased anxiety, particularly among younger adults.
“We found that younger adults were more affected by the apps’ feedback, and they reported more perceived benefits but likewise more worries and stress,” explained Håkon Lundekvam Berge, first author of the study at the University of Bergen. This suggests that while younger users may be more inclined to adopt these technologies and initially benefit from the insights, they are also more susceptible to the negative psychological effects of constantly monitoring their sleep.
The study also highlighted the significant role age plays in shaping user experiences. Younger age groups (18-35 and 36-50) were more likely to report beneficial effects, such as improved sleep and a greater tendency to prioritize it. However, these same groups also reported higher levels of stress and concern, indicating a potential vulnerability to the downsides of digital health information.
The Risk for Those Who Struggle to Sleep
For individuals already battling insomnia, the constant feedback from sleep apps can exacerbate existing anxieties. “People who suffer from insomnia often exhibit increased sleep-related attentional bias and worry, which monitoring devices can amplify,” said Karl Erik Lundekvam, second author of the study. This creates a vicious cycle where the app, intended to aid, actually worsens sleep quality by focusing attention on perceived deficiencies.
The researchers caution against an excessive focus on the data provided by these apps. They urge individuals who find themselves becoming more stressed by sleep app usage to critically evaluate the metrics being tracked and their accuracy. “If this does not calm your worries, you should consider taking off your sleep app device during nighttime or turning off notifications,” Lundekvam advised.
However, the study doesn’t suggest abandoning sleep tracking altogether. The authors note that the feedback can be a useful motivator for establishing healthier sleep habits, such as reducing screen time before bed. The key, they emphasize, is mindful usage and a healthy dose of skepticism regarding the data presented.
The increasing availability of sleep monitoring apps and devices necessitates further research, according to Berge. “The rapid development of sleep app technology requires the scientific community to maintain up with technological advances,” he stated. As Medical Xpress reported, understanding the nuanced effects of these technologies is crucial for ensuring they serve as tools for improvement, rather than sources of stress.
The researchers acknowledge that the study was conducted in Norway and may not be fully generalizable to other populations. Further research is needed to explore the impact of sleep tracking apps across diverse cultural contexts and demographics.
Disclaimer: This article provides information for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.
Looking ahead, the University of Bergen team plans to investigate the long-term effects of sleep app usage and explore strategies for mitigating the potential negative impacts. The next phase of research will focus on developing guidelines for responsible sleep tracking, empowering users to harness the benefits of these technologies without exacerbating anxiety or disrupting sleep. Share your experiences with sleep tracking apps in the comments below.
