Venezuela & Greenland: Trump’s Recurring Obsessions

by Ahmed Ibrahim World Editor

“Necesitamos Groenlandia para nuestra seguridad nacional”, sostenía Donald Trump este domingo a su regreso a Washington, un día después de la operación militar de su país en Venezuela, durante la que se capturó a Nicolás Maduro. El éxito inmediato de ese ataque parece haber alimentado el apetito del presidente estadounidense por otras intervenciones en el continente americano. La isla ártica ―territorio autónomo que pertenece al Reino de Dinamarca―, una obsesión que arrastra desde hace años, se presenta como el próximo objetivo, y miembros de la Administración republicana ya hablan en público de controlarla. En un comunicado este martes, la Casa Blanca reconocía que Trump y su equipo debaten distintas opciones para hacerse con Groenlandia y recurrir a las fuerzas armadas para lograr ese fin “siempre es una opción”.

La atracción de Trump hacia el territorio autónomo, en una posición clave para el control del Ártico y donde Estados Unidos ya cuenta con una base militar —la instalación espacial Pituffik—, es intensa. Su Administración considera que el interés geoestratégico de la gigantesca isla se ha disparado en los últimos 30 o 40 años, a medida que los hielos del Ártico se derriten, se abren las perspectivas de nuevas rutas marítimas por el norte del globo hasta ahora inaccesibles, y China y Rusia se muestran cada vez más activas en la zona. Según opina en términos tajantes, la diminuta Dinamarca no se encuentra en condiciones de responder como hace falta para garantizar la seguridad en esa zona. “Dinamarca no va a hacerlo”, insistía Trump en su discurso del domingo.

En paralelo a las declaraciones de Trump, otros miembros de su Administración han elevado el tono para defender una anexión, pacífica o por la fuerza, de Groenlandia. “Estados Unidos es la potencia de la OTAN. Para que Estados Unidos asegure la región ártica, proteja y defienda los intereses de la OTAN, obviamente, Groenlandia debería formar parte de Estados Unidos”, ha declarado el consejero de política interna Stephen Miller, uno de los hombres más influyentes de la Administración, en una entrevista con el presentador de la cadena CNN Jake Tapper. Este alto cargo apuesta por un lenguaje desafiante: “Somos una superpotencia. Y con el presidente Trump, nos comportaremos como tal”.

Miller no es un cualquiera. Su título oficial es jefe adjunto de gabinete de la Casa Blanca. Pero su influencia va mucho más allá. Es el hombre que traza la política interna de la Administración y sus ramificaciones en el exterior: es quien se encuentra detrás de la dura estrategia de lucha contra la inmigración y deportaciones masivas, y uno de los ideólogos que ha dejado su sello en la Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional publicada en diciembre y que aboga por la hegemonía estadounidense en el continente americano. Este lunes, el presidente estadounidense confirmó que este alto cargo será uno de sus cuatro hombres de confianza —junto al secretario de Estado, Marco Rubio; el jefe del Pentágono, Pete Hegseth; y el vicepresidente, J.D. Vance— que coordinarán la gestión en Venezuela.

La esposa de Miller, Katie, que durante los primeros meses del segundo mandato de Trump también trabajó como asesora de la Casa Blanca y ahora es responsable de un influyente pódcast ultraconservador, fue quien reabrió la polémica sobre el futuro de Groenlandia al publicar en sus redes sociales un mapa de la isla con los colores de la bandera estadounidense y la palabra Soon (“Pronto”), apenas horas después de la captura de Maduro.

The increasingly assertive rhetoric from the Trump administration regarding the 56,000-person island prompted a response from the European Union this Tuesday. In Denmark, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen’s government has demanded Washington cease its threats. Danish intelligence services included the United States as a potential security risk for the first time in December. The U.S. ambassador has been repeatedly summoned to receive official protests.

In what appeared to be an attempt to calm the waters, in New York the newly appointed Trump envoy for Greenland, Jeff Landry, defended this Tuesday an option whereby the vast territory would achieve independence and sign a series of economic agreements with the United States. The official, appointed in December to promote the island becoming “part of the United States,” dismissed the idea that Trump aspires to annex it by force, in an interview with CNBC.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio also struck a more conciliatory tone in a closed-door meeting with lawmakers to discuss the intervention in Venezuela. According to the Wall Street Journal, he underscored during that Monday meeting that the recent statements do not imply an imminent invasion and that Trump’s plans involve buying the territory from Denmark.

Trump and his administration’s interest in the Arctic island dates back years: during his first term, he offered to buy it from Denmark, an episode that led to the cancellation of a Republican visit to Copenhagen after Frederiksen flatly rejected the idea. Joe Biden’s election victory in 2020 ended the discussion about what then sounded like mere bluster.

But Trump wasn’t bluffing. A year ago, on the eve of his inauguration for a second term, he revived claims over the gigantic island, even proposing to take it by force. His son, Donald Jr., made a lightning trip there, described as a mere tourist visit but representing a clear statement of intent. In March, Vice President J.D. Vance toured the U.S. military base on the territory, Pituffik, with his wife, Usha Vance, where he criticized the Danish management of security on the island: “They haven’t done a good job.”

Following the capture of Maduro, Trump and his team have emphasized the need for the United States to reaffirm its dominant position in the American continent—or the Western Hemisphere, as it is known in U.S. terminology—in what they dub the “Donroe Doctrine,” a play on words between the president’s name and the Monroe Doctrine that two centuries ago proclaimed that America should be for the Americans. In that new interpretation, Greenland is part of this sphere of influence.

“We live in a world where you can talk about all sorts of international subtleties and everything else, but we live in a world, in the real world… that is governed by force, that is governed by power,” Miller declared on CNN.

In addition to its key strategic position, Greenland boasts large deposits of critical minerals and rare earths, essential for the manufacture of electronic products. Some scientists believe that parts of the island’s continental shelf could hold large deposits of gas and oil, although the autonomous government has renounced exploiting them due to lack of profitability and environmental impact.

Despite its increasingly aggressive rhetoric, it is unclear how the United States would carry out the annexation it so desires, and which Trump assured in his speech before both houses of Congress last year they would “achieve one way or another.” A military intervention in territory under the sovereignty of a NATO member could blow up the alliance that has been key to the design of transatlantic security for the past 80 years.

Although Miller has pointed out that this would not be necessary. If in Venezuela U.S. forces risked a local military response in Saturday’s operation, Washington anticipates that risk would not exist in Greenland. And it has other tools: economic and trade pressure, in the form of tariffs and sanctions, could be one of them. Or try to appeal directly to the Greenlandic population to support annexation or, in a solution similar to what Washington foresees in Venezuela, a remote tutelage.

The matter is fundamental for the United States. “Many members of the administration are working on this issue. It has become a fundamental priority in Trump’s foreign policy. Nordic countries are taking it seriously, late but sure. The rest of Europe, not so much,” Ian Bremmer, president of the Eurasia Group consultancy, wrote on social media.

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