2024-03-21 19:47:31
The first animal successfully cloned was a sheep, named Dolly, which was cloned in 1996 by a team of Scottish scientists. The cloning of the first mammal using the nuclear transfer technique had to wait more than forty years after the cloning of the first amphibian, an African toad, cloned in 1958.
Dolly was able to reproduce and had several lambs as offspring. However, Dolly suffered from progressive lung disease and had to be euthanized to prevent further suffering on February 14, 2003.
The success of cloning Dolly spurred research to try to clone other mammals. From what I have been able to consult, the first animals cloned after Dolly were mice. In 1997, a male mouse was cloned and named Cumulina, yes, not Cumulino, but Cumulina, because the cells that gave rise to it were cumulo cells, a particular type of cell present in the ovaries.
Soon, however, attempts were made to clone other animals with greater potential interest, such as pigs. The reason is that they are animals similar to human beings in many aspects and that could be used to generate strains aimed at the production of organs for transplants. The first piglets were cloned in 2000. A few years later, using the pig as a model, the cloning of new pigs was published through a modification of the original cloning technique that attempted to solve the important technical problems associated with the cloning procedure. Let’s see what this technique is about and if it has had a significant impact in facilitating successive cloning of pigs and other animal species.
In September 2003 he explained the following (Read the article here)
Were the researchers able to identify the gene or genes responsible for the sudden death of the three little pigs? As far as I have been able to find out, this has not been the case. And many times in science things are proposed to justify failures that are very difficult to do later. Searching the genome of the three little pigs in 2003 for a mutated gene responsible for their heart failure was almost science fiction. Perhaps today, with modern DNA sequencing and computer analysis techniques, this analysis could be carried out, but to do so, DNA samples from those animals would have to have been kept safe, which I do not know if this was the case.
However, other avenues of research have led to the discovery, in fact, of genes that can cause sudden death from heart failure at an early age. The discovery of one of them has been made in fact by sequencing the genes that were functioning in the hearts of children between 4 and 20 months of age who died from heart failure. These studies published by a team of French researchers in 2016 revealed that mutations in both copies of the PPA2 gene lead to sudden death from cardiac arrest. What does the PPA2 gene do? This gene is responsible for the production of an enzyme that separates two bonded phosphate groups, a fundamental chemical reaction that needs to be accelerated by the enzyme to allow the proper progress of many metabolic reactions that require energy. If this reaction does not happen correctly in the heart, an organ that obviously requires continuous metabolic energy to function, cardiac arrest may occur.
The above does not mean that the three little pigs died because of having mutations in the PPA2 gene. Many other causes could have led to early heart failure. So most likely we will never know the true cause of those little pigs’ death. However, his death advised not to carry out cloning by injecting whole cells and to continue injecting the nuclei of the adult cells into the eggs without nuclei and these are not complete, as I say. As far as I can tell, cloning is still done this way.
Jorge Laborda. March 21, 2024.
Works by Jorge Laborda.
WE ARE SURROUNDED!
WE ARE SURROUNDED!
Your defenses against coronavirus
Your defenses against coronavirus
De-inflamed immunology: An introduction to the immune system and its pathologies
De-inflamed immunology: An introduction to the immune system and its pathologies
De-inflamed immunology: An introduction to the immune system and its pathologies
Quilo de Ciencia Volume XII eBook
Quilo de Ciencia Volume XII Paper
Quilo de Ciencia Volume I. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume II. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume III. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume IV. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume V. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume VI. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume VII. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume VIII. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume IX. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume X. Jorge Laborda
Quilo de Ciencia Volume XI. Jorge Laborda
Matrix of homeopathy
Chained circumstances. Ed. Lulu
Chained circumstances. amazon
One Moon, one civilization. Why the Moon tells us that we are alone in the Universe
One Moon, one civilization. Why the Moon tells us that we are alone in the Universe
One Moon one civilization why the Moon tells us we are alone in the universe
The thousand and one bases of DNA and other scientific stories
Adenius Fidelius
The intelligence funnel and other essays
The gods have been cloned
#Cienciaes.com #pigs #cloned