2024-10-23 06:49:00
Research from the Cleveland Clinic and the University of Southern California indicates that the risk was also higher in blood types A, B or AB, compared to 0.
Even though the worst of the pandemic is over, Covid remains with us and Science continues to investigate the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the body. New research conducted by the Cleveland Clinic and the University of Southern California now provides new data: Covid-19 infection can double the risk of suffering a heart attack, stroke or death from any cause up to three years after infection , both in people with cardiovascular disease and in people without such a history.
“We found long-term cardiovascular health risk associated with Covid, especially among people with more severe cases who required hospitalization. This increased risk of heart attack and stroke continued three years after the Covid-19 infection. Surprisingly, in some cases, the increased risk was almost as high as that of a known cardiovascular risk factor, such as type 2 diabetes or peripheral arterial disease,” explains the study’s lead author, James Hilser, PhD candidate at the School of Medicine. Keck Medicine at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
Previous studies have shown that covid increases the risk of serious cardiovascular complications during the first month after infection. This research, published in Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (ATVB)a peer-reviewed journal from the American Heart Association (AHA), examined how long the increased risk lasted and whether it decreased after recovery from the Covid infection.
For this work, the researchers examined genetic and health data from the UK Biobank (a large-scale study of 503,325 adults aged 40 to 69 at enrollment between 2006 and 2010), including this case more than 10,000 adults (10,005): approximately 8,000 tested positive for Covid between 1 February and 31 December 2020 and approximately 2,000 tested positive in hospital settings in the same year.
Also included were more than 200,000 adults (217,730) from that Biobank who had no history of Covid infection in the same time period. None of the participants had been vaccinated at that time because vaccines were not yet available in 2020. Major adverse cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, and death from any cause) were assessed to determine long-term risk, through March 31. October 2022, approximately three years later.
Covid and cardiovascular history
After analyzing the data, the researchers saw that during the three-year follow-up period, the risk of heart attack, stroke and death was more than double among adults with Covid and almost four times higher among adults hospitalized in hospital with Covid. , compared to the group without a history of infection. Additionally, people hospitalized with Covid without cardiovascular disease or without type 2 diabetes had a 21% greater risk of heart attack, stroke and death than people with cardiovascular disease but no Covid infection.
A significant genetic interaction was also observed between non-0 blood groups and Covid hospitalization: people with severe Covid had a higher risk of heart attack and stroke; However, that risk was even higher in people who had blood types A, B, or AB. The risk of heart attack and stroke was about 65% higher in adults with blood group A, B or AB than in those with blood group O. A preliminary analysis did not show that Rh blood group (positive or negative) interacted with severe covid, according to the authors.
“Worldwide, more than a billion people have already experienced Covid infection. The reported results do not represent a small effect in a small subgroup. The findings included nearly a quarter of a million people and indicate an important finding for global healthcare that could provide an explanation for the rise in cardiovascular disease worldwide,” says study co-lead author Stanley Hazen, chair of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences at the Lerner Research Institute at the Cleveland Clinic and co-director of Preventive Cardiology.
“This interesting paper is actually two studies in one,” points out Sandeep R. Das, co-chair of the American Heart Association Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry Committee and director of quality and value in the division of cardiology at the UT Medical Center Southwestern in Dallas. “First, the authors show that having been hospitalized with Covid is an indicator of increased cardiovascular risk, as is having a pre-existing diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Although it is very difficult to demonstrate direct cause and effect in a study that only examines past data collected for other purposes, this finding is important because it suggests that a history of previous hospitalization for covid should be considered, even without a history of cardiovascular disease, to initiate and possibly accelerate efforts to prevent cardiovascular events. “Whether severe Covid infection directly impacts the vascular system is also an interesting area of study.”
Das adds that the second part of this work “analyses the relationship between blood group (AB0 system) and Covid outcomes. The data shows that something close to the genetic origin of the AB0 group is associated with different degrees of susceptibility to covid. “This is really fascinating, and I hope scientists figure out what the specific pathway might be.” Rocío R. García-Abadillo
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