2023-12-10 23:00:09
Emmanuel Macron during a visit to a factory of the Danish pharmaceutical multinational Novo Nordisk, in Chartres, November 23, 2023. MOHAMMED BADRA / AFP
France dreams of bringing factories back to its soil, and the head of state regularly promises that it is on the verge of achieving this. “We are leading an essential battle for the country, that of full employment and reindustrialization. We have made many reforms and we have caught up”, welcomed Emmanuel Macron again, on November 23, in Chartres, where the Danish pharmacy giant Novo Nordisk will invest 2.1 billion euros. On September 28, the Soitec group opened a fourth semiconductor factory, near Grenoble. On December 5, Michelin, Forvia and Stellantis inaugurated a fuel cell “gigafactory” south of Lyon…
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So much good news, of course. But not yet enough to cry out: in the race for industrial investments in which the major countries have embarked, France, like Europe, remains behind. Published Monday, December 11 by the research firm Trendeo, the Reindustrialization Institute, the McKinsey firm and the Fives engineering group, the 2023 “Global Industrial Investment Barometer” reveals the extent of the road that the latter still has to travel – but also the progress it has already made.
The figures first show that after the decline linked to the war in Ukraine, at the start of 2022, industrial investments stabilized at the global level: they were 1,306 billion dollars (1,214 billion euros) between second half of 2022 and the first half of 2023. They particularly increased in the manufacturing sector (+ 10%), data centers (+ 72%) and research and development, or R&D (+ 509%), while investments in energy production fell by 10%, particularly in renewable energies, with a total collapse of investments in offshore wind power.
Asia in the lead, despite Chinese decline
“This picture also hides strong global disparities”, analyzes David Cousquer, founder of Trendeo. Investments thus fell by 38% in the European Union (87 billion dollars in total over the period), particularly in Germany (-71%, $16 billion) and in France (-21%, $11 billion). ), but also in China (– 28%, $210 billion), which has struggled to recover since 2020. Foreign companies have reduced their investments in the Middle Kingdom, and the latter is investing less outside its borders.
On the other hand, investments increased in the United States (+ 4%, $309 billion), Brazil (+ 30%, $6 billion) and even South Korea (+ 2,117%, $258 billion). ), where the Samsung group announced, in March, $230 billion in new investments in semiconductors.
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