70 years ago, on November 1, 1954, the Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action, the future National Liberation Front (FLN), voted in favor of the armed struggle. What we will long call, in mainland France, the “events”, is the beginning of a war of independence that will last eight years. But to understand the turning point of history, we must delve into what life was like for the “subjects” of the French Republic during colonization, a diverse indigenous population who had nationality, but not citizenship.
How did people live in colonial Algeria? In this three-minute video, we examine the discrimination we faced for 130 years, before it culminated in the “Red All Saints’ Day.”
If you want to understand how the Algerian War has remained central in the French political debate 70 years after its outbreak, we invite you to read the investigation below.
Time.news Interview
Editor: Welcome to Time.news. Today, we have the privilege of talking with Dr. Sarah Messaoudi, a historian specializing in colonial history and the Algerian War of Independence. Thank you for joining us, Dr. Messaoudi.
Dr. Messaoudi: Thank you for having me. It’s a pleasure to discuss such a pivotal moment in history.
Editor: To set the stage, November 1, 1954, is marked as the beginning of the Algerian War of Independence. Can you explain what led to the Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action voting for an armed struggle?
Dr. Messaoudi: Absolutely. The decision to resort to armed struggle was influenced by years of systemic discrimination and oppression faced by the Algerian people under French colonial rule. The indigenous population lived as subjects of the French Republic; they had a nationality but were denied citizenship and the rights that came with it. This disparity created deep-seated resentment and fueled the desire for freedom and self-determination.
Editor: That must have been incredibly difficult for the population. Can you share more about the living conditions and the daily realities of Algerians during colonization?
Dr. Messaoudi: Certainly. Life for the Algerian people during colonization was characterized by significant social and economic inequalities. The colonial government implemented policies that favored French settlers, often referred to as ”pieds-noirs,” while indigenous Algerians were marginalized. They faced restrictions on property ownership, education, and employment opportunities. This resulted in a society deeply divided along racial and class lines.
Editor: It sounds like a complex and painful reality. Could you elaborate on how this discrimination culminated in what some call the “Red All Saints’ Day”?
Dr. Messaoudi: “Red All Saints’ Day” refers to the events of November 1, 1954, when the FLN launched a series of coordinated attacks against French military and civilian targets. This marked the beginning of the Algerian War of Independence. The term encapsulates not just the violence of that day but also the collective frustration and desperation that had been building for 130 years. The FLN’s decision to take up arms was seen as a last resort after decades of failed negotiations and reforms.
Editor: In your opinion, how significant is the legacy of the Algerian War of Independence in contemporary society, both in Algeria and abroad?
Dr. Messaoudi: The war and the struggles that accompanied it have profoundly shaped Algeria’s national identity. It remains a source of pride and resilience for many Algerians. However, the legacy is also complicated, as it raises questions about post-colonial governance and the ongoing struggles for justice and equality. Internationally, the war influenced anti-colonial movements across the globe and continues to resonate in discussions of colonialism and its lasting impacts.
Editor: It’s fascinating to see how this history unfolds even today. As we remember the beginning of the war, what can we learn from it that is relevant in our current global context?
Dr. Messaoudi: One key lesson is the importance of acknowledging historical injustices and the complexities of identity within colonized societies. Understanding the past allows us to engage more meaningfully with present-day issues like inequality and human rights. Moreover, the Algerian struggle illustrates the power of collective action and the human spirit’s resilience in the face of oppression.
Editor: Dr. Messaoudi, thank you for your valuable insights. It’s vital to reflect on these historical contexts as we navigate today’s challenges. We appreciate your time and expertise.
Dr. Messaoudi: Thank you for having me. It’s crucial that we continue to explore these narratives and their implications.
Editor: And thank you to our viewers for joining us. Stay informed, and let’s continue the conversation on the importance of historical awareness and its relevance in today’s world.
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