The ozone hole is the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere above Antarctica. Ozone plays an important role in trapping radiation in the atmosphere.
The ozone hole is monitored by scientists at the South Pole Station, with weather balloons carrying ozone-measuring instruments called ozonesondes measuring varying ozone concentrations as they rise through the stratosphere.
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Every September, changes in this ozone level are detected when chemically active forms of chlorine and bromine, derived from man-made compounds, react in high-altitude polar clouds.
Current estimates for the South Pole suggest that the hole in 2022 will be significantly smaller than the ozone hole in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The ozone hole is recovering thanks to the ‘Montreal Protocol’ which banned the release of harmful chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs.
Estimates by 2021 showed that the ozone hole was 24.8 million square kilometers. January 2022 , Gases released from the eruption of the Hanga Tonga-Hunga Ha’pai volcano, although scientists are concerned about stratospheric impacts, no direct impacts from Hanga Tonga have been detected in Antarctic stratospheric data.
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Researchers from Nasa and Noaa used instruments on the Aura, Suomi NPP and NOAA-20 satellites to study the current trend. Also Oct. 5, 2022, those satellites observed the maximum ozone hole observed over an area of 26.4 million square kilometers. It is slightly higher than average. But on other days, the ozone layer is improving significantly.
The scientists made measurements using an optical instrument called a Dobson spectrophotometer. It records the total amount of ozone between the surface and the edge of space. This is known as total column ozone value.
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